RtMidi.cpp

  }

  //  unsigned int packetBytes, bytesLeft = nBytes;
  //  unsigned int messageIndex = 0;
  MIDITimeStamp timeStamp = AudioGetCurrentHostTime();
  CoreMidiData *data = static_cast<CoreMidiData *> (apiData_);
  OSStatus result;

  /*
    // I don't think this code is necessary.  We can send sysex
    // messages through the normal mechanism.  In addition, this avoids
    // the problem of virtual ports not receiving sysex messages.

  if ( message->at(0) == 0xF0 ) {

    // Apple's fantastic API requires us to free the allocated data in
    // the completion callback but trashes the pointer and size before
    // we get a chance to free it!!  This is a somewhat ugly hack
    // submitted by ptarabbia that puts the sysex buffer data right at
    // the end of the MIDISysexSendRequest structure.  This solution
    // does not require that we wait for a previous sysex buffer to be
    // sent before sending a new one, which was the old way we did it.
    MIDISysexSendRequest *newRequest = (MIDISysexSendRequest *) malloc(sizeof(struct MIDISysexSendRequest) + nBytes);
    char * sysexBuffer = ((char *) newRequest) + sizeof(struct MIDISysexSendRequest);

    // Copy data to buffer.
    for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nBytes; ++i ) sysexBuffer[i] = message->at(i);

    newRequest->destination = data->destinationId;
    newRequest->data = (Byte *)sysexBuffer;
    newRequest->bytesToSend = nBytes;
    newRequest->complete = 0;
    newRequest->completionProc = sysexCompletionProc;
    newRequest->completionRefCon = newRequest;

    result = MIDISendSysex(newRequest);
    if ( result != noErr ) {
      free( newRequest );
      errorString_ = "MidiOutCore::sendMessage: error sending MIDI to virtual destinations.";
      error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
    return;
  }
  else if ( nBytes > 3 ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiOutCore::sendMessage: message format problem ... not sysex but > 3 bytes?";
    error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
    return;
  }
  */

  MIDIPacketList packetList;
  MIDIPacket *packet = MIDIPacketListInit( &packetList );
  packet = MIDIPacketListAdd( &packetList, sizeof(packetList), packet, timeStamp, nBytes, (const Byte *) &message->at( 0 ) );
  if ( !packet ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiOutCore::sendMessage: could not allocate packet list";      
    error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  // Send to any destinations that may have connected to us.
  if ( data->endpoint ) {
    result = MIDIReceived( data->endpoint, &packetList );
    if ( result != noErr ) {
      errorString_ = "MidiOutCore::sendMessage: error sending MIDI to virtual destinations.";
      error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
    }
  }

  // And send to an explicit destination port if we're connected.
  if ( connected_ ) {
    result = MIDISend( data->port, data->destinationId, &packetList );
    if ( result != noErr ) {
      errorString_ = "MidiOutCore::sendMessage: error sending MIDI message to port.";
      error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
    }
  }
}

#endif  // __MACOSX_CORE__


//*********************************************************************//
//  API: LINUX ALSA SEQUENCER
//*********************************************************************//

// API information found at:
//   - http://www.alsa-project.org/documentation.php#Library

#if defined(__LINUX_ALSA__)

// The ALSA Sequencer API is based on the use of a callback function for
// MIDI input.
//
// Thanks to Pedro Lopez-Cabanillas for help with the ALSA sequencer
// time stamps and other assorted fixes!!!

// If you don't need timestamping for incoming MIDI events, define the
// preprocessor definition AVOID_TIMESTAMPING to save resources
// associated with the ALSA sequencer queues.

#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

// ALSA header file.
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>

// A structure to hold variables related to the ALSA API
// implementation.
struct AlsaMidiData {
  snd_seq_t *seq;
  unsigned int portNum;
  int vport;
  snd_seq_port_subscribe_t *subscription;
  snd_midi_event_t *coder;
  unsigned int bufferSize;
  unsigned char *buffer;
  pthread_t thread;
  pthread_t dummy_thread_id;
  unsigned long long lastTime;
  int queue_id; // an input queue is needed to get timestamped events
  int trigger_fds[2];
};

#define PORT_TYPE( pinfo, bits ) ((snd_seq_port_info_get_capability(pinfo) & (bits)) == (bits))

//*********************************************************************//
//  API: LINUX ALSA
//  Class Definitions: MidiInAlsa
//*********************************************************************//

static void *alsaMidiHandler( void *ptr )
{
  MidiInApi::RtMidiInData *data = static_cast<MidiInApi::RtMidiInData *> (ptr);
  AlsaMidiData *apiData = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (data->apiData);

  long nBytes;
  unsigned long long time, lastTime;
  bool continueSysex = false;
  bool doDecode = false;
  MidiInApi::MidiMessage message;
  int poll_fd_count;
  struct pollfd *poll_fds;

  snd_seq_event_t *ev;
  int result;
  apiData->bufferSize = 32;
  result = snd_midi_event_new( 0, &apiData->coder );
  if ( result < 0 ) {
    data->doInput = false;
    std::cerr << "\nMidiInAlsa::alsaMidiHandler: error initializing MIDI event parser!\n\n";
    return 0;
  }
  unsigned char *buffer = (unsigned char *) malloc( apiData->bufferSize );
  if ( buffer == NULL ) {
    data->doInput = false;
    snd_midi_event_free( apiData->coder );
    apiData->coder = 0;
    std::cerr << "\nMidiInAlsa::alsaMidiHandler: error initializing buffer memory!\n\n";
    return 0;
  }
  snd_midi_event_init( apiData->coder );
  snd_midi_event_no_status( apiData->coder, 1 ); // suppress running status messages

  poll_fd_count = snd_seq_poll_descriptors_count( apiData->seq, POLLIN ) + 1;
  poll_fds = (struct pollfd*)alloca( poll_fd_count * sizeof( struct pollfd ));
  snd_seq_poll_descriptors( apiData->seq, poll_fds + 1, poll_fd_count - 1, POLLIN );
  poll_fds[0].fd = apiData->trigger_fds[0];
  poll_fds[0].events = POLLIN;

  while ( data->doInput ) {

    if ( snd_seq_event_input_pending( apiData->seq, 1 ) == 0 ) {
      // No data pending
      if ( poll( poll_fds, poll_fd_count, -1) >= 0 ) {
        if ( poll_fds[0].revents & POLLIN ) {
          bool dummy;
          int res = read( poll_fds[0].fd, &dummy, sizeof(dummy) );
          (void) res;
        }
      }
      continue;
    }

    // If here, there should be data.
    result = snd_seq_event_input( apiData->seq, &ev );
    if ( result == -ENOSPC ) {
      std::cerr << "\nMidiInAlsa::alsaMidiHandler: MIDI input buffer overrun!\n\n";
      continue;
    }
    else if ( result <= 0 ) {
      std::cerr << "\nMidiInAlsa::alsaMidiHandler: unknown MIDI input error!\n";
      perror("System reports");
      continue;
    }

    // This is a bit weird, but we now have to decode an ALSA MIDI
    // event (back) into MIDI bytes.  We'll ignore non-MIDI types.
    if ( !continueSysex ) message.bytes.clear();

    doDecode = false;
    switch ( ev->type ) {

    case SND_SEQ_EVENT_PORT_SUBSCRIBED:
#if defined(__RTMIDI_DEBUG__)
      std::cout << "MidiInAlsa::alsaMidiHandler: port connection made!\n";
#endif
      break;

    case SND_SEQ_EVENT_PORT_UNSUBSCRIBED:
#if defined(__RTMIDI_DEBUG__)
      std::cerr << "MidiInAlsa::alsaMidiHandler: port connection has closed!\n";
      std::cout << "sender = " << (int) ev->data.connect.sender.client << ":"
                << (int) ev->data.connect.sender.port
                << ", dest = " << (int) ev->data.connect.dest.client << ":"
                << (int) ev->data.connect.dest.port
                << std::endl;
#endif
      break;

    case SND_SEQ_EVENT_QFRAME: // MIDI time code
      if ( !( data->ignoreFlags & 0x02 ) ) doDecode = true;
      break;

    case SND_SEQ_EVENT_TICK: // 0xF9 ... MIDI timing tick
      if ( !( data->ignoreFlags & 0x02 ) ) doDecode = true;
      break;

    case SND_SEQ_EVENT_CLOCK: // 0xF8 ... MIDI timing (clock) tick
      if ( !( data->ignoreFlags & 0x02 ) ) doDecode = true;
      break;

    case SND_SEQ_EVENT_SENSING: // Active sensing
      if ( !( data->ignoreFlags & 0x04 ) ) doDecode = true;
      break;

		case SND_SEQ_EVENT_SYSEX:
      if ( (data->ignoreFlags & 0x01) ) break;
      if ( ev->data.ext.len > apiData->bufferSize ) {
        apiData->bufferSize = ev->data.ext.len;
        free( buffer );
        buffer = (unsigned char *) malloc( apiData->bufferSize );
        if ( buffer == NULL ) {
          data->doInput = false;
          std::cerr << "\nMidiInAlsa::alsaMidiHandler: error resizing buffer memory!\n\n";
          break;
        }
      }

    default:
      doDecode = true;
    }

    if ( doDecode ) {

      nBytes = snd_midi_event_decode( apiData->coder, buffer, apiData->bufferSize, ev );
      if ( nBytes > 0 ) {
        // The ALSA sequencer has a maximum buffer size for MIDI sysex
        // events of 256 bytes.  If a device sends sysex messages larger
        // than this, they are segmented into 256 byte chunks.  So,
        // we'll watch for this and concatenate sysex chunks into a
        // single sysex message if necessary.
        if ( !continueSysex )
          message.bytes.assign( buffer, &buffer[nBytes] );
        else
          message.bytes.insert( message.bytes.end(), buffer, &buffer[nBytes] );

        continueSysex = ( ( ev->type == SND_SEQ_EVENT_SYSEX ) && ( message.bytes.back() != 0xF7 ) );
        if ( !continueSysex ) {

          // Calculate the time stamp:
          message.timeStamp = 0.0;

          // Method 1: Use the system time.
          //(void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL);
          //time = (tv.tv_sec * 1000000) + tv.tv_usec;

          // Method 2: Use the ALSA sequencer event time data.
          // (thanks to Pedro Lopez-Cabanillas!).
          time = ( ev->time.time.tv_sec * 1000000 ) + ( ev->time.time.tv_nsec/1000 );
          lastTime = time;
          time -= apiData->lastTime;
          apiData->lastTime = lastTime;
          if ( data->firstMessage == true )
            data->firstMessage = false;
          else
            message.timeStamp = time * 0.000001;
        }
        else {
#if defined(__RTMIDI_DEBUG__)
          std::cerr << "\nMidiInAlsa::alsaMidiHandler: event parsing error or not a MIDI event!\n\n";
#endif
        }
      }
    }

    snd_seq_free_event( ev );
    if ( message.bytes.size() == 0 || continueSysex ) continue;

    if ( data->usingCallback ) {
      RtMidiIn::RtMidiCallback callback = (RtMidiIn::RtMidiCallback) data->userCallback;
      callback( message.timeStamp, &message.bytes, data->userData );
    }
    else {
      // As long as we haven't reached our queue size limit, push the message.
      if ( data->queue.size < data->queue.ringSize ) {
        data->queue.ring[data->queue.back++] = message;
        if ( data->queue.back == data->queue.ringSize )
          data->queue.back = 0;
        data->queue.size++;
      }
      else
        std::cerr << "\nMidiInAlsa: message queue limit reached!!\n\n";
    }
  }

  if ( buffer ) free( buffer );
  snd_midi_event_free( apiData->coder );
  apiData->coder = 0;
  apiData->thread = apiData->dummy_thread_id;
  return 0;
}

MidiInAlsa :: MidiInAlsa( const std::string clientName, unsigned int queueSizeLimit ) : MidiInApi( queueSizeLimit )
{
  initialize( clientName );
}

MidiInAlsa :: ~MidiInAlsa()
{
  // Close a connection if it exists.
  closePort();

  // Shutdown the input thread.
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  if ( inputData_.doInput ) {
    inputData_.doInput = false;
    int res = write( data->trigger_fds[1], &inputData_.doInput, sizeof(inputData_.doInput) );
    (void) res;
    if ( !pthread_equal(data->thread, data->dummy_thread_id) )
      pthread_join( data->thread, NULL );
  }

  // Cleanup.
  close ( data->trigger_fds[0] );
  close ( data->trigger_fds[1] );
  if ( data->vport >= 0 ) snd_seq_delete_port( data->seq, data->vport );
#ifndef AVOID_TIMESTAMPING
  snd_seq_free_queue( data->seq, data->queue_id );
#endif
  snd_seq_close( data->seq );
  delete data;
}

void MidiInAlsa :: initialize( const std::string& clientName )
{
  // Set up the ALSA sequencer client.
  snd_seq_t *seq;
  int result = snd_seq_open(&seq, "default", SND_SEQ_OPEN_DUPLEX, SND_SEQ_NONBLOCK);
  if ( result < 0 ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::initialize: error creating ALSA sequencer client object.";
    error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  // Set client name.
  snd_seq_set_client_name( seq, clientName.c_str() );

  // Save our api-specific connection information.
  AlsaMidiData *data = (AlsaMidiData *) new AlsaMidiData;
  data->seq = seq;
  data->portNum = -1;
  data->vport = -1;
  data->subscription = 0;
  data->dummy_thread_id = pthread_self();
  data->thread = data->dummy_thread_id;
  data->trigger_fds[0] = -1;
  data->trigger_fds[1] = -1;
  apiData_ = (void *) data;
  inputData_.apiData = (void *) data;

   if ( pipe(data->trigger_fds) == -1 ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::initialize: error creating pipe objects.";
    error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  // Create the input queue
#ifndef AVOID_TIMESTAMPING
  data->queue_id = snd_seq_alloc_named_queue(seq, "RtMidi Queue");
  // Set arbitrary tempo (mm=100) and resolution (240)
  snd_seq_queue_tempo_t *qtempo;
  snd_seq_queue_tempo_alloca(&qtempo);
  snd_seq_queue_tempo_set_tempo(qtempo, 600000);
  snd_seq_queue_tempo_set_ppq(qtempo, 240);
  snd_seq_set_queue_tempo(data->seq, data->queue_id, qtempo);
  snd_seq_drain_output(data->seq);
#endif
}

// This function is used to count or get the pinfo structure for a given port number.
unsigned int portInfo( snd_seq_t *seq, snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo, unsigned int type, int portNumber )
{
  snd_seq_client_info_t *cinfo;
  int client;
  int count = 0;
  snd_seq_client_info_alloca( &cinfo );

  snd_seq_client_info_set_client( cinfo, -1 );
  while ( snd_seq_query_next_client( seq, cinfo ) >= 0 ) {
    client = snd_seq_client_info_get_client( cinfo );
    if ( client == 0 ) continue;
    // Reset query info
    snd_seq_port_info_set_client( pinfo, client );
    snd_seq_port_info_set_port( pinfo, -1 );
    while ( snd_seq_query_next_port( seq, pinfo ) >= 0 ) {
      unsigned int atyp = snd_seq_port_info_get_type( pinfo );
      if ( ( atyp & SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC ) == 0 ) continue;
      unsigned int caps = snd_seq_port_info_get_capability( pinfo );
      if ( ( caps & type ) != type ) continue;
      if ( count == portNumber ) return 1;
      ++count;
    }
  }

  // If a negative portNumber was used, return the port count.
  if ( portNumber < 0 ) return count;
  return 0;
}

unsigned int MidiInAlsa :: getPortCount()
{
  snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo;
  snd_seq_port_info_alloca( &pinfo );

  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  return portInfo( data->seq, pinfo, SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ|SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ, -1 );
}

std::string MidiInAlsa :: getPortName( unsigned int portNumber )
{
  snd_seq_client_info_t *cinfo;
  snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo;
  snd_seq_client_info_alloca( &cinfo );
  snd_seq_port_info_alloca( &pinfo );

  std::string stringName;
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  if ( portInfo( data->seq, pinfo, SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ|SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ, (int) portNumber ) ) {
    int cnum = snd_seq_port_info_get_client( pinfo );
    snd_seq_get_any_client_info( data->seq, cnum, cinfo );
    std::ostringstream os;
    os << snd_seq_client_info_get_name( cinfo );
    os << " ";                                    // These lines added to make sure devices are listed
    os << snd_seq_port_info_get_client( pinfo );  // with full portnames added to ensure individual device names
    os << ":";
    os << snd_seq_port_info_get_port( pinfo );
    stringName = os.str();
    return stringName;
  }

  // If we get here, we didn't find a match.
  errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::getPortName: error looking for port name!";
  error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
  return stringName;
}

void MidiInAlsa :: openPort( unsigned int portNumber, const std::string portName )
{
  if ( connected_ ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::openPort: a valid connection already exists!";
    error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  unsigned int nSrc = this->getPortCount();
  if ( nSrc < 1 ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::openPort: no MIDI input sources found!";
    error( RtMidiError::NO_DEVICES_FOUND, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  snd_seq_port_info_t *src_pinfo;
  snd_seq_port_info_alloca( &src_pinfo );
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  if ( portInfo( data->seq, src_pinfo, SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ|SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ, (int) portNumber ) == 0 ) {
    std::ostringstream ost;
    ost << "MidiInAlsa::openPort: the 'portNumber' argument (" << portNumber << ") is invalid.";
    errorString_ = ost.str();
    error( RtMidiError::INVALID_PARAMETER, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  snd_seq_addr_t sender, receiver;
  sender.client = snd_seq_port_info_get_client( src_pinfo );
  sender.port = snd_seq_port_info_get_port( src_pinfo );

  snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo;
  snd_seq_port_info_alloca( &pinfo );
  if ( data->vport < 0 ) {
    snd_seq_port_info_set_client( pinfo, 0 );
    snd_seq_port_info_set_port( pinfo, 0 );
    snd_seq_port_info_set_capability( pinfo,
                                      SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE |
                                      SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE );
    snd_seq_port_info_set_type( pinfo,
                                SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC |
                                SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_APPLICATION );
    snd_seq_port_info_set_midi_channels(pinfo, 16);
#ifndef AVOID_TIMESTAMPING
    snd_seq_port_info_set_timestamping(pinfo, 1);
    snd_seq_port_info_set_timestamp_real(pinfo, 1);    
    snd_seq_port_info_set_timestamp_queue(pinfo, data->queue_id);
#endif
    snd_seq_port_info_set_name(pinfo,  portName.c_str() );
    data->vport = snd_seq_create_port(data->seq, pinfo);
  
    if ( data->vport < 0 ) {
      errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::openPort: ALSA error creating input port.";
      error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
    data->vport = snd_seq_port_info_get_port(pinfo);
  }

  receiver.client = snd_seq_port_info_get_client( pinfo );
  receiver.port = data->vport;

  if ( !data->subscription ) {
    // Make subscription
    if (snd_seq_port_subscribe_malloc( &data->subscription ) < 0) {
      errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::openPort: ALSA error allocation port subscription.";
      error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
    snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_sender(data->subscription, &sender);
    snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_dest(data->subscription, &receiver);
    if ( snd_seq_subscribe_port(data->seq, data->subscription) ) {
      snd_seq_port_subscribe_free( data->subscription );
      data->subscription = 0;
      errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::openPort: ALSA error making port connection.";
      error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
  }

  if ( inputData_.doInput == false ) {
    // Start the input queue
#ifndef AVOID_TIMESTAMPING
    snd_seq_start_queue( data->seq, data->queue_id, NULL );
    snd_seq_drain_output( data->seq );
#endif
    // Start our MIDI input thread.
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
    pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(&attr, SCHED_OTHER);

    inputData_.doInput = true;
    int err = pthread_create(&data->thread, &attr, alsaMidiHandler, &inputData_);
    pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    if ( err ) {
      snd_seq_unsubscribe_port( data->seq, data->subscription );
      snd_seq_port_subscribe_free( data->subscription );
      data->subscription = 0;
      inputData_.doInput = false;
      errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::openPort: error starting MIDI input thread!";
      error( RtMidiError::THREAD_ERROR, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
  }

  connected_ = true;
}

void MidiInAlsa :: openVirtualPort( std::string portName )
{
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  if ( data->vport < 0 ) {
    snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo;
    snd_seq_port_info_alloca( &pinfo );
    snd_seq_port_info_set_capability( pinfo,
				      SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE |
				      SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE );
    snd_seq_port_info_set_type( pinfo,
				SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC |
				SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_APPLICATION );
    snd_seq_port_info_set_midi_channels(pinfo, 16);
#ifndef AVOID_TIMESTAMPING
    snd_seq_port_info_set_timestamping(pinfo, 1);
    snd_seq_port_info_set_timestamp_real(pinfo, 1);    
    snd_seq_port_info_set_timestamp_queue(pinfo, data->queue_id);
#endif
    snd_seq_port_info_set_name(pinfo, portName.c_str());
    data->vport = snd_seq_create_port(data->seq, pinfo);

    if ( data->vport < 0 ) {
      errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::openVirtualPort: ALSA error creating virtual port.";
      error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
    data->vport = snd_seq_port_info_get_port(pinfo);
  }

  if ( inputData_.doInput == false ) {
    // Wait for old thread to stop, if still running
    if ( !pthread_equal(data->thread, data->dummy_thread_id) )
      pthread_join( data->thread, NULL );

    // Start the input queue
#ifndef AVOID_TIMESTAMPING
    snd_seq_start_queue( data->seq, data->queue_id, NULL );
    snd_seq_drain_output( data->seq );
#endif
    // Start our MIDI input thread.
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    pthread_attr_init(&attr);
    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE);
    pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(&attr, SCHED_OTHER);

    inputData_.doInput = true;
    int err = pthread_create(&data->thread, &attr, alsaMidiHandler, &inputData_);
    pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    if ( err ) {
      if ( data->subscription ) {
        snd_seq_unsubscribe_port( data->seq, data->subscription );
        snd_seq_port_subscribe_free( data->subscription );
        data->subscription = 0;
      }
      inputData_.doInput = false;
      errorString_ = "MidiInAlsa::openPort: error starting MIDI input thread!";
      error( RtMidiError::THREAD_ERROR, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
  }
}

void MidiInAlsa :: closePort( void )
{
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);

  if ( connected_ ) {
    if ( data->subscription ) {
      snd_seq_unsubscribe_port( data->seq, data->subscription );
      snd_seq_port_subscribe_free( data->subscription );
      data->subscription = 0;
    }
    // Stop the input queue
#ifndef AVOID_TIMESTAMPING
    snd_seq_stop_queue( data->seq, data->queue_id, NULL );
    snd_seq_drain_output( data->seq );
#endif
    connected_ = false;
  }

  // Stop thread to avoid triggering the callback, while the port is intended to be closed
  if ( inputData_.doInput ) {
    inputData_.doInput = false;
    int res = write( data->trigger_fds[1], &inputData_.doInput, sizeof(inputData_.doInput) );
    (void) res;
    if ( !pthread_equal(data->thread, data->dummy_thread_id) )
      pthread_join( data->thread, NULL );
  }
}

//*********************************************************************//
//  API: LINUX ALSA
//  Class Definitions: MidiOutAlsa
//*********************************************************************//

MidiOutAlsa :: MidiOutAlsa( const std::string clientName ) : MidiOutApi()
{
  initialize( clientName );
}

MidiOutAlsa :: ~MidiOutAlsa()
{
  // Close a connection if it exists.
  closePort();

  // Cleanup.
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  if ( data->vport >= 0 ) snd_seq_delete_port( data->seq, data->vport );
  if ( data->coder ) snd_midi_event_free( data->coder );
  if ( data->buffer ) free( data->buffer );
  snd_seq_close( data->seq );
  delete data;
}

void MidiOutAlsa :: initialize( const std::string& clientName )
{
  // Set up the ALSA sequencer client.
  snd_seq_t *seq;
  int result1 = snd_seq_open( &seq, "default", SND_SEQ_OPEN_OUTPUT, SND_SEQ_NONBLOCK );
  if ( result1 < 0 ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::initialize: error creating ALSA sequencer client object.";
    error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
	}

  // Set client name.
  snd_seq_set_client_name( seq, clientName.c_str() );

  // Save our api-specific connection information.
  AlsaMidiData *data = (AlsaMidiData *) new AlsaMidiData;
  data->seq = seq;
  data->portNum = -1;
  data->vport = -1;
  data->bufferSize = 32;
  data->coder = 0;
  data->buffer = 0;
  int result = snd_midi_event_new( data->bufferSize, &data->coder );
  if ( result < 0 ) {
    delete data;
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::initialize: error initializing MIDI event parser!\n\n";
    error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
  }
  data->buffer = (unsigned char *) malloc( data->bufferSize );
  if ( data->buffer == NULL ) {
    delete data;
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::initialize: error allocating buffer memory!\n\n";
    error( RtMidiError::MEMORY_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
  }
  snd_midi_event_init( data->coder );
  apiData_ = (void *) data;
}

unsigned int MidiOutAlsa :: getPortCount()
{
	snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo;
	snd_seq_port_info_alloca( &pinfo );

  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  return portInfo( data->seq, pinfo, SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE|SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE, -1 );
}

std::string MidiOutAlsa :: getPortName( unsigned int portNumber )
{
  snd_seq_client_info_t *cinfo;
  snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo;
  snd_seq_client_info_alloca( &cinfo );
  snd_seq_port_info_alloca( &pinfo );

  std::string stringName;
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  if ( portInfo( data->seq, pinfo, SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE|SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE, (int) portNumber ) ) {
    int cnum = snd_seq_port_info_get_client(pinfo);
    snd_seq_get_any_client_info( data->seq, cnum, cinfo );
    std::ostringstream os;
    os << snd_seq_client_info_get_name(cinfo);
    os << " ";                                    // These lines added to make sure devices are listed
    os << snd_seq_port_info_get_client( pinfo );  // with full portnames added to ensure individual device names
    os << ":";
    os << snd_seq_port_info_get_port(pinfo);
    stringName = os.str();
    return stringName;
  }

  // If we get here, we didn't find a match.
  errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::getPortName: error looking for port name!";
  error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
  return stringName;
}

void MidiOutAlsa :: openPort( unsigned int portNumber, const std::string portName )
{
  if ( connected_ ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::openPort: a valid connection already exists!";
    error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  unsigned int nSrc = this->getPortCount();
  if (nSrc < 1) {
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::openPort: no MIDI output sources found!";
    error( RtMidiError::NO_DEVICES_FOUND, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

	snd_seq_port_info_t *pinfo;
	snd_seq_port_info_alloca( &pinfo );
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  if ( portInfo( data->seq, pinfo, SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_WRITE|SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_WRITE, (int) portNumber ) == 0 ) {
    std::ostringstream ost;
    ost << "MidiOutAlsa::openPort: the 'portNumber' argument (" << portNumber << ") is invalid.";
    errorString_ = ost.str();
    error( RtMidiError::INVALID_PARAMETER, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  snd_seq_addr_t sender, receiver;
  receiver.client = snd_seq_port_info_get_client( pinfo );
  receiver.port = snd_seq_port_info_get_port( pinfo );
  sender.client = snd_seq_client_id( data->seq );

  if ( data->vport < 0 ) {
    data->vport = snd_seq_create_simple_port( data->seq, portName.c_str(),
                                              SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ|SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ,
                                              SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC|SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_APPLICATION );
    if ( data->vport < 0 ) {
      errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::openPort: ALSA error creating output port.";
      error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
  }

  sender.port = data->vport;

  // Make subscription
  if (snd_seq_port_subscribe_malloc( &data->subscription ) < 0) {
    snd_seq_port_subscribe_free( data->subscription );
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::openPort: error allocating port subscription.";
    error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
  }
  snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_sender(data->subscription, &sender);
  snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_dest(data->subscription, &receiver);
  snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_time_update(data->subscription, 1);
  snd_seq_port_subscribe_set_time_real(data->subscription, 1);
  if ( snd_seq_subscribe_port(data->seq, data->subscription) ) {
    snd_seq_port_subscribe_free( data->subscription );
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::openPort: ALSA error making port connection.";
    error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  connected_ = true;
}

void MidiOutAlsa :: closePort( void )
{
  if ( connected_ ) {
    AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
    snd_seq_unsubscribe_port( data->seq, data->subscription );
    snd_seq_port_subscribe_free( data->subscription );
    connected_ = false;
  }
}

void MidiOutAlsa :: openVirtualPort( std::string portName )
{
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  if ( data->vport < 0 ) {
    data->vport = snd_seq_create_simple_port( data->seq, portName.c_str(),
                                              SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_READ|SND_SEQ_PORT_CAP_SUBS_READ,
                                              SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_MIDI_GENERIC|SND_SEQ_PORT_TYPE_APPLICATION );

    if ( data->vport < 0 ) {
      errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::openVirtualPort: ALSA error creating virtual port.";
      error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
    }
  }
}

void MidiOutAlsa :: sendMessage( std::vector<unsigned char> *message )
{
  int result;
  AlsaMidiData *data = static_cast<AlsaMidiData *> (apiData_);
  unsigned int nBytes = message->size();
  if ( nBytes > data->bufferSize ) {
    data->bufferSize = nBytes;
    result = snd_midi_event_resize_buffer ( data->coder, nBytes);
    if ( result != 0 ) {
      errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::sendMessage: ALSA error resizing MIDI event buffer.";
      error( RtMidiError::DRIVER_ERROR, errorString_ );
      return;
    }
    free (data->buffer);
    data->buffer = (unsigned char *) malloc( data->bufferSize );
    if ( data->buffer == NULL ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::initialize: error allocating buffer memory!\n\n";
    error( RtMidiError::MEMORY_ERROR, errorString_ );
    return;
    }
  }

  snd_seq_event_t ev;
  snd_seq_ev_clear(&ev);
  snd_seq_ev_set_source(&ev, data->vport);
  snd_seq_ev_set_subs(&ev);
  snd_seq_ev_set_direct(&ev);
  for ( unsigned int i=0; i<nBytes; ++i ) data->buffer[i] = message->at(i);
  result = snd_midi_event_encode( data->coder, data->buffer, (long)nBytes, &ev );
  if ( result < (int)nBytes ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::sendMessage: event parsing error!";
    error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
    return;
  }

  // Send the event.
  result = snd_seq_event_output(data->seq, &ev);
  if ( result < 0 ) {
    errorString_ = "MidiOutAlsa::sendMessage: error sending MIDI message to port.";
    error( RtMidiError::WARNING, errorString_ );
    return;
  }
  snd_seq_drain_output(data->seq);
}

#endif // __LINUX_ALSA__


//*********************************************************************//
//  API: Windows Multimedia Library (MM)
//*********************************************************************//

// API information deciphered from:
//  - http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/multimed/htm/_win32_midi_reference.asp

// Thanks to Jean-Baptiste Berruchon for the sysex code.

#if defined(__WINDOWS_MM__)

// The Windows MM API is based on the use of a callback function for
// MIDI input.  We convert the system specific time stamps to delta
// time values.

// Windows MM MIDI header files.
#include <windows.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>

#define  RT_SYSEX_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
#define  RT_SYSEX_BUFFER_COUNT 4

// A structure to hold variables related to the CoreMIDI API
// implementation.
struct WinMidiData {
  HMIDIIN inHandle;    // Handle to Midi Input Device
  HMIDIOUT outHandle;  // Handle to Midi Output Device
  DWORD lastTime;
  MidiInApi::MidiMessage message;
  LPMIDIHDR sysexBuffer[RT_SYSEX_BUFFER_COUNT];
  CRITICAL_SECTION _mutex; // [Patrice] see https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/mididev/6OUjHutMpEo
};

//*********************************************************************//
//  API: Windows MM
//  Class Definitions: MidiInWinMM
//*********************************************************************//

static void CALLBACK midiInputCallback( HMIDIIN /*hmin*/,
                                        UINT inputStatus, 
                                        DWORD_PTR instancePtr,
                                        DWORD_PTR midiMessage,
                                        DWORD timestamp )
{
  if ( inputStatus != MIM_DATA && inputStatus != MIM_LONGDATA && inputStatus != MIM_LONGERROR ) return;

  //MidiInApi::RtMidiInData *data = static_cast<MidiInApi::RtMidiInData *> (instancePtr);
  MidiInApi::RtMidiInData *data = (MidiInApi::RtMidiInData *)instancePtr;
  WinMidiData *apiData = static_cast<WinMidiData *> (data->apiData);

  // Calculate time stamp.
  if ( data->firstMessage == true ) {
    apiData->message.timeStamp = 0.0;
    data->firstMessage = false;
  }
  else apiData->message.timeStamp = (double) ( timestamp - apiData->lastTime ) * 0.001;
  apiData->lastTime = timestamp;

  if ( inputStatus == MIM_DATA ) { // Channel or system message

    // Make sure the first byte is a status byte.
    unsigned char status = (unsigned char) (midiMessage & 0x000000FF);
    if ( !(status & 0x80) ) return;

    // Determine the number of bytes in the MIDI message.
    unsigned short nBytes = 1;
    if ( status < 0xC0 ) nBytes = 3;
    else if ( status < 0xE0 ) nBytes = 2;
    else if ( status < 0xF0 ) nBytes = 3;
    else if ( status == 0xF1 ) {
      if ( data->ignoreFlags & 0x02 ) return;
      else nBytes = 2;
    }
    else if ( status == 0xF2 ) nBytes = 3;
    else if ( status == 0xF3 ) nBytes = 2;
    else if ( status == 0xF8 && (data->ignoreFlags & 0x02) ) {
      // A MIDI timing tick message and we're ignoring it.
      return;
    }
    else if ( status == 0xFE && (data->ignoreFlags & 0x04) ) {
      // A MIDI active sensing message and we're ignoring it.
      return;
    }

    // Copy bytes to our MIDI message.
    unsigned char *ptr = (unsigned char *) &midiMessage;
    for ( int i=0; i<nBytes; ++i ) apiData->message.bytes.push_back( *ptr++ );
  }
  else { // Sysex message ( MIM_LONGDATA or MIM_LONGERROR )
    MIDIHDR *sysex = ( MIDIHDR *) midiMessage; 
    if ( !( data->ignoreFlags & 0x01 ) && inputStatus != MIM_LONGERROR ) {  
      // Sysex message and we're not ignoring it
      for ( int i=0; i<(int)sysex->dwBytesRecorded; ++i )
        apiData->message.bytes.push_back( sysex->lpData[i] );
    }